Over time, a bicuspid aortic valve degenerates and calcifies causing a disorder known as aortic stenosis. Those who have aortic stenosis, usually found in middle age, often have bicuspid aortic valve disease too. To prevent serious problems such as stroke, or even premature death, the aortic valve needs to be replaced.
How it May Be Associated with or Affect Blood Pressure: It may cause pulmonary hypertension which is high blood pressure in the veins leading from the lungs to the heart. The leakage causes the amount of blood and pressure in the upper left atrium to increase.
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Artificial heart valves are often known as mechanical heart valves and made from metallic alloys or plastic materials. In bioprosthetic heart valves, the valve tissue is typically from an animal species and mounted on a frame, known as a bioprosthesis.
Bioprosthetic valves are generally made of either bovine pericardium or porcine aortic valves, but may also be produced from equine or porcine pericardium. The advantage of these bioprosthetic valves is that they do not require life-long anticoagulation.
Bioprosthetic valves and rings are commonly implanted during surgical interventions for mitral disease, particularly in elderly patients with bleeding risk factors. Repeat operation during the first 10 years following surgery is required in up to 35% of patients, due to bioprosthetic valve or ring failure.
Given these relative risks of structural valve deterioration and subsequent reoperation, the current general recommendation for patients older than 60 to 65 years is a bioprosthetic valve and for patients less than 60 to 65 years is a mechanical valve.
Bioprosthetic heart valves are constructed from porcine heart valves or from bovine pericardium that have been glutaraldehyde treated to help preserve the tissues and decrease their immunogenicity.
Valve-in-valve TAVR: Many replacement valves that people receive are made from animal tissue (bioprosthetic). These tissue valves can break down or fail over time.
Bioprosthetic valve stenosis is a condition that in some cases necessitates the use of prosthetic tissue valves to replace the native aortic, mitral, tricuspid or pulmonic valves when they stop competently functioning. These valves are made from pig or cow tissue and typically have a lifespan of 10-15 years.
Bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) are constructed from porcine heart valves or bovine pericardium preserved with glutaraldehyde.
Unlike a pig valve replacement, a cow valve uses the tissue of the cow's heart – not the actual heart valve structure itself. The size of an actual cow valve is too large compared to a human heart valve. A cow valve would not fit in a human heart.
Biological valves, also known as bioprosthetic valves, come from cows or pigs in most cases. Doctors use human donor valves only rarely. Typically, biological valves last between 10 and 15 years, so you may require another replacement surgery at some point.
Aortic valve replacement (AVR) using either mechanical or bioprosthetic (tissue) valves via open-heart surgical AVR (SAVR) is the most widely accepted standard treatment. The choice of which valve type to be used depends on patient age, disease nature and other comorbidities.
With more than 40 years of industry experience, we took proven valve design concepts and adapted them for excellent implantability for you and performance for your patients.
No clinical data is available which evaluates the long-term impact of AOA treatment in patients.