Prerenal azotemia is assigned to code 788.9, Other symptoms involving urinary system.
Prerenal azotemia is an abnormally high level of nitrogen waste products in the blood.
The concept of prerenal azotemia is ingrained in the clinical practice of nephrology. AKI, which is defined by sudden increases in serum creatinine levels, can be classified into three categories: AKI caused by prerenal azotemia, AKI induced by intrarenal causes and AKI induced by postrenal obstruction.
Intrarenal azotemia, also known as acute kidney injury (AKI), renal-renal azotemia, and (in the past) acute renal failure (ARF), refers to elevations in BUN and creatinine resulting from problems in the kidney itself.
The FENa has traditionally been used to differentiate prerenal azotemia from ATN. An FENa below 1% suggests a prerenal cause (eg, volume depletion), whereas an FENa above 2% suggests acute tubular necrosis (ATN).
The primary cause of azotemia is a loss of kidney function. However, the different types of azotemia, which may arise from or be a part of renal failure, have different causes: when fluid flowing through the kidneys isn't enough to remove the nitrogen (prerenal azotemia)
Response to fluid repletion is still regarded as the gold standard in the differentiation between prerenal and intrinsic AKI. Return of renal function to baseline within 24 to 72 hours is considered to indicate prerenal AKI, whereas persistent renal failure indicates intrinsic disease.
Prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI) , (which used to be called acute renal failure), occurs when a sudden reduction in blood flow to the kidney (renal hypoperfusion) causes a loss of kidney function.
Pre-renal, generally in which decreased renal blood flow results in a drop in GFR. Intrinsic/intra-renal, in which a disease process causes damage to the kidney itself. Post-renal, in which a process downstream of the kidney prevents drainage of urine (urinary tract obstruction)
Types. Azotemia has three classifications, depending on its causative origin: prerenal azotemia, renal azotemia, and postrenal azotemia. The BUN:Cr ratio is a useful measure in determining the type of azotemia and will be discussed in each section below. A normal BUN:Cr is equal to 15.
What are the signs and symptoms of prerenal azotemia?Diarrhea.vomiting.Profound heat exhaustion.Excessive sweat loss.Concurrent illness that impairs the ability to eat and drink adequately.Hemorrhage.Liver disease.Congestive heart failure.More items...•
The underlying cause of prerenal kidney failure is hypovolemia or poor perfusion.