ICD-10: | Z96.641 |
---|---|
Short Description: | Presence of right artificial hip joint |
Long Description: | Presence of right artificial hip joint |
Code | Description |
---|---|
27130 | ARTHROPLASTY, ACETABULAR AND PROXIMAL FEMORAL PROSTHETIC REPLACEMENT (TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY), WITH OR WITHOUT AUTOGRAFT OR ALLOGRAFT |
Information for Patients. Dislocations are joint injuries that force the ends of your bones out of position. The cause is often a fall or a blow, sometimes from playing a contact sport. You can dislocate your ankles, knees, shoulders, hips, elbows and jaw.
Your hip is known as a ball-and-socket joint. This is because you have a ball at the end of your femur, and it fits into a socket in your pelvis. This makes your hips very stable and allows for a wide range of motion. When they are healthy, it takes great force to hurt them.
A dislocated joint is an emergency. If you have one, seek medical attention. Treatment depends on which joint you dislocate and the severity of the injury. It might include manipulations to reposition your bones, medicine, a splint or sling, and rehabilitation. When properly repositioned, a joint will usually function and move normally again in a few weeks. Once you dislocate a shoulder or kneecap, you are more likely to dislocate it again. Wearing protective gear during sports may help prevent dislocations.
Both of these are common in older people. Another problem is hip dysplasia, where the ball at the end of the femur is loose in the hip socket. It can cause hip dislocation. Babies who have hip dysplasia are usually born with it, but sometimes they develop it later.
Dislocation after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the most common early complication following primary implantation [1]. For example, the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register has tracked the number of dislocations until the year 2000, which has clearly shown that dislocation, in both cemented and uncemented THA, is considered to be the number 1 short-term complication requiring a reoperation within the first 2 years [2].
Anterior dislocation occurs if the hip is extended, adducted, and externally rotated. Soft tissue impingement or osteophytes at the posterior aspect of the joint along with absence or weakening of the anterior capsule may lead to anterior dislocation, which is more frequently associated with any anterior approach to the hip joint.
The most common mechanism of dislocation is impingement. Osteophytes on both the acetabular or femoral side, capsular tissue, or scar tissue can cause a dislocation displacing the head to posterior or anterior. The femur becomes proximalized by the force of the abductors and adductors.
Posterior dislocation occurs in flexion-adduction and internal rotation of the hip. The anterior aspect of the implant neck impinges with the anterior acetabular rim, and the head dislocates from the socket. After a posterior approach, the capsule and the short external rotators are weakened or damaged, facilitating a posterior dislocation [7]. Theoretically, the leg is internally rotated and shortened because of the entrapment of the head behind the acetabulum, being unable to rotate externally. This is usually associated with a relevant shortening and external rotation of the limb.
To reduce an anterior dislocation the pelvis is stabilized by 2 hands of 1 surgeon on the fluoroscopy table or bed, while the second surgeon pulls the dislocated leg along the longitudinal axis and rotates internally. The prosthetic head than returns into the acetabular liner.
The incidence of dislocation after primary THA is reported from 0.2%–1.7%; the Swedish nation-wide mean rate is reported to be 0.6% [2, 3•]. At THA revision, the reported revision rate because of dislocation can be 10-fold higher [4, 5].
The best option to ‘treat’ THA dislocation is to prevent the occurrence in the first instance [7]. Using a posterior approach, the general repair of the posterior structures capsule and external rotators (piriformis tendon) with non absorbable sutures is a valuable option but not always possible to carry out. At final reduction, with the trial heads one should perform the dislocation tests, the equator test, and check for telescoping of the components. Appropriate head size and length are to be chosen. In case of instability, a retainment ring can provide more stability and can be a good option. In addition, most implant companies now offer lipped (ie, dorsal rim) poly-liner options. At preoperative planning, the center of rotation should be determined and during the surgery restored to fulfill the biomechanical environment of the hip. After implantation of THA in early postoperative period, abduction cushions may be used to prevent the patient from adducting the operated leg.