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Spinal dysraphism includes all forms of spina bifida. The open form is called spina bifida cystica and the closed form is spina bifida occulta. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, ch55, p34) Congenital, or rarely acquired, herniation of meningeal and spinal cord tissue through a bony defect in the vertebral column.
Congenital, or rarely acquired, herniation of meningeal and spinal cord tissue through a bony defect in the vertebral column. The majority of these defects occur in the lumbosacral region. Clinical features include paraplegia, loss of sensation in the lower body, and incontinence. This condition may be associated with the arnold-chiari malformation and hydrocephalus. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, ch55, pp35-6)
The 2022 edition of ICD-10-CM Q05 became effective on October 1, 2021.
They may have learning difficulties, urinary and bowel problems or hydrocephalus, a buildup of fluid in the brain. There is no cure.
The open form is called spina bifida cystica and the closed form is spina bifida occulta. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, ch55, p34) Developmental anomaly characterized by defective closure of the bony encasement of the spinal cord, through which the cord and meninges may protrude.
Spina bifida aperta. Spina bifida without hydrocephalus. Clinical Information. Birth defect involving inadequate closure of the bony casement of the spinal cord, through which the spinal membranes, with or without spinal cord tissue, may protrude.
The 2022 edition of ICD-10-CM Q05.9 became effective on October 1, 2021.
They may have learning difficulties, urinary and bowel problems or hydrocephalus, a buildup of fluid in the brain. There is no cure.
spina bifida (aperta) (cystica) syringomyelo cele. Clinical Information. Birth defect involving inadequate closure of the bony casement of the spinal cord, through which the spinal membranes, with or without spinal cord tissue, may protrude.
Spinal dysraphism includes all forms of spina bifida. The open form is called spina bifida cystica and the closed form is spina bifida occulta. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, ch55, p34) Congenital, or rarely acquired, herniation of meningeal and spinal cord tissue through a bony defect in the vertebral column.
Congenital, or rarely acquired, herniation of meningeal and spinal cord tissue through a bony defect in the vertebral column. The majority of these defects occur in the lumbosacral region. Clinical features include paraplegia, loss of sensation in the lower body, and incontinence. This condition may be associated with the arnold-chiari malformation and hydrocephalus. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, ch55, pp35-6)
They may have learning difficulties, urinary and bowel problems or hydrocephalus, a buildup of fluid in the brain. There is no cure.
Prenatal. Spina bifida might be diagnosed prenatally using ultrasound. However, if the entire spine is difficult to image, distinguishing whether the lesion is open or closed is challenging. Results of maternal serum screening for alpha fetoprotein (AFP), if available, might help to determine if the lesion is open or closed, as AFP seeps out of the open lesion into the amniotic fluid and subsequently into the mother’s blood. Spina bifida is sometimes confused with sacrococcygeal teratoma, isolated scoliosis/kyphosis or amniotic band syndrome. Therefore, a prenatal diagnosis of spina bifida should be confirmed postnatally. When this is not possible (e.g. termination of pregnancy or unexamined fetal death), the programme should have criteria in place to determine whether to accept or not accept a case based solely on prenatal data.
Specific types of spina bifida include: 1 Meningocele: Characterized by herniation of the meninges through a spinal defect, forming a cyst filled with cerebrospinal fluid. This lesion does not contain spinal cord, but might have some nerve elements. 2 Meningomyelocele (myelomeningocele): Characterized by a protrusion of the meninges and the spinal cord through an opening in the vertebral column. 3 Myelocele: Characterized by a splayed vertebral column and plaque-like spinal cord without membrane or skin covering.
The RCPCH code for this defect is Q76.0 –“Spina bifidaocculta”.
Spina bifida is a general term used to describe a NTD of the spine in which part of the meninges ( Fig 4.7, panel a: meningocele) or spinal cord ( Fig. 4.7, panel c: myelocele or myeloschisis) or both ( Fig. 4.7, panel b: myelomeningocele) protrudes through an opening in the vertebral column. Spina bifida is the most common type of NTD. Hydrocephalus is a common complication, especially among children with open meningomyeloceles.
Distinguishing spina bifida from the other abnormalities of the spine is important because these conditions have different causes and associated anomalies. With careful examination, the diagnosis of spina bifida is straightforward, but imaging (when available) is very helpful.
Spina bifida can occur at any level of the spinal cord, including cer vical ( Fig.4.8 ), thoracic ( Fig.4.9 ), lumbar ( Fig.4.10 ), and sacral ( Fig.4.11 ).
Sacral spina bifida. The lumbar spine is the most common location for spina bifida, followed by sacral, thoracic and cervical. Spina bifida lesions are designated as “open” if they are membrane covered and “closed” if covered by normal-appearing skin.