411.1 - Intermediate coronary syndrome | ICD-10-CM.
Overview. Acute coronary syndrome is a term used to describe a range of conditions associated with sudden, reduced blood flow to the heart. One such condition is a heart attack (myocardial infarction) — when cell death results in damaged or destroyed heart tissue.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common heart disease in the U.S. and the leading cause of death. Acute coronary syndrome, a type of CAD, causes almost 400,000 deaths every year, most often among people assigned male at birth and those with underlying coronary heart disease.
A blood test can show evidence that heart cells are dying. An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) can diagnose an acute coronary syndrome by measuring the heart's electrical activity.
Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), ST-elevation MI (STEMI), and unstable angina are the three traditional types of ACS.
The term acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to any group of clinical symptoms compatible with acute myocardial ischemia and includes unstable angina (UA), non—ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
ACS is a manifestation of CHD (coronary heart disease) and usually a result of plaque disruption in coronary arteries (atherosclerosis). The common risk factors for the disease are smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, male sex, physical inactivity, family obesity, and poor nutritional practices.
Generally, when symptoms occur for less than 30 minutes, it is unstable angina. When symptoms are prolonged for more than 30 minutes, the diagnosis is acute myocardial infarction. ACS should be distinguished from stable angina, which develops during physical activity or stress and resolves at rest.
Aim: Cardiogenic shock is the most serious complication of acute coronary syndromes and cause of death in 4.2-7.2% of patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), in 2.1% of patients with acute non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction and in 2.9% of patients with unstable angina pectoris.